mod build_config;
mod build_context;
mod build_plan;
mod compilation;
mod compile_kind;
mod context;
mod crate_type;
mod custom_build;
mod fingerprint;
pub mod future_incompat;
mod job;
mod job_queue;
mod layout;
mod links;
mod lto;
mod output_depinfo;
pub mod rustdoc;
pub mod standard_lib;
mod timings;
mod unit;
pub mod unit_dependencies;
pub mod unit_graph;

use std::env;
use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
use std::fs::{self, File};
use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::Arc;

use anyhow::{Context as _, Error};
use lazycell::LazyCell;
use log::debug;

pub use self::build_config::{BuildConfig, CompileMode, MessageFormat};
pub use self::build_context::{
    BuildContext, FileFlavor, FileType, RustDocFingerprint, RustcTargetData, TargetInfo,
};
use self::build_plan::BuildPlan;
pub use self::compilation::{Compilation, Doctest, UnitOutput};
pub use self::compile_kind::{CompileKind, CompileTarget};
pub use self::context::{Context, Metadata};
pub use self::crate_type::CrateType;
pub use self::custom_build::{BuildOutput, BuildScriptOutputs, BuildScripts};
pub use self::job::Freshness;
use self::job::{Job, Work};
use self::job_queue::{JobQueue, JobState};
pub(crate) use self::layout::Layout;
pub use self::lto::Lto;
use self::output_depinfo::output_depinfo;
use self::unit_graph::UnitDep;
use crate::core::compiler::future_incompat::FutureIncompatReport;
pub use crate::core::compiler::unit::{Unit, UnitInterner};
use crate::core::manifest::TargetSourcePath;
use crate::core::profiles::{PanicStrategy, Profile, Strip};
use crate::core::{Feature, PackageId, Target};
use crate::util::errors::{CargoResult, VerboseError};
use crate::util::interning::InternedString;
use crate::util::machine_message::{self, Message};
use crate::util::{add_path_args, internal, iter_join_onto, profile};
use cargo_util::{paths, ProcessBuilder, ProcessError};

const RUSTDOC_CRATE_VERSION_FLAG: &str = "--crate-version";

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Hash, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum LinkType {
    Cdylib,
    Bin,
    Test,
    Bench,
    Example,
}

impl From<&super::Target> for Option<LinkType> {
    fn from(value: &super::Target) -> Self {
        if value.is_cdylib() {
            Some(LinkType::Cdylib)
        } else if value.is_bin() {
            Some(LinkType::Bin)
        } else if value.is_test() {
            Some(LinkType::Test)
        } else if value.is_bench() {
            Some(LinkType::Bench)
        } else if value.is_exe_example() {
            Some(LinkType::Example)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

/// A glorified callback for executing calls to rustc. Rather than calling rustc
/// directly, we'll use an `Executor`, giving clients an opportunity to intercept
/// the build calls.
pub trait Executor: Send + Sync + 'static {
    /// Called after a rustc process invocation is prepared up-front for a given
    /// unit of work (may still be modified for runtime-known dependencies, when
    /// the work is actually executed).
    fn init(&self, _cx: &Context<'_, '_>, _unit: &Unit) {}

    /// In case of an `Err`, Cargo will not continue with the build process for
    /// this package.
    fn exec(
        &self,
        cmd: &ProcessBuilder,
        id: PackageId,
        target: &Target,
        mode: CompileMode,
        on_stdout_line: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> CargoResult<()>,
        on_stderr_line: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> CargoResult<()>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()>;

    /// Queried when queuing each unit of work. If it returns true, then the
    /// unit will always be rebuilt, independent of whether it needs to be.
    fn force_rebuild(&self, _unit: &Unit) -> bool {
        false
    }
}

/// A `DefaultExecutor` calls rustc without doing anything else. It is Cargo's
/// default behaviour.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct DefaultExecutor;

impl Executor for DefaultExecutor {
    fn exec(
        &self,
        cmd: &ProcessBuilder,
        _id: PackageId,
        _target: &Target,
        _mode: CompileMode,
        on_stdout_line: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> CargoResult<()>,
        on_stderr_line: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> CargoResult<()>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        cmd.exec_with_streaming(on_stdout_line, on_stderr_line, false)
            .map(drop)
    }
}

fn compile<'cfg>(
    cx: &mut Context<'_, 'cfg>,
    jobs: &mut JobQueue<'cfg>,
    plan: &mut BuildPlan,
    unit: &Unit,
    exec: &Arc<dyn Executor>,
    force_rebuild: bool,
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    let bcx = cx.bcx;
    let build_plan = bcx.build_config.build_plan;
    if !cx.compiled.insert(unit.clone()) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    // Build up the work to be done to compile this unit, enqueuing it once
    // we've got everything constructed.
    let p = profile::start(format!("preparing: {}/{}", unit.pkg, unit.target.name()));
    fingerprint::prepare_init(cx, unit)?;

    let job = if unit.mode.is_run_custom_build() {
        custom_build::prepare(cx, unit)?
    } else if unit.mode.is_doc_test() {
        // We run these targets later, so this is just a no-op for now.
        Job::new_fresh()
    } else if build_plan {
        Job::new_dirty(rustc(cx, unit, &exec.clone())?)
    } else {
        let force = exec.force_rebuild(unit) || force_rebuild;
        let mut job = fingerprint::prepare_target(cx, unit, force)?;
        job.before(if job.freshness() == Freshness::Dirty {
            let work = if unit.mode.is_doc() {
                rustdoc(cx, unit)?
            } else {
                rustc(cx, unit, exec)?
            };
            work.then(link_targets(cx, unit, false)?)
        } else {
            // We always replay the output cache,
            // since it might contain future-incompat-report messages
            let work = replay_output_cache(
                unit.pkg.package_id(),
                PathBuf::from(unit.pkg.manifest_path()),
                &unit.target,
                cx.files().message_cache_path(unit),
                cx.bcx.build_config.message_format,
                cx.bcx.config.shell().err_supports_color(),
                unit.show_warnings(bcx.config),
            );
            // Need to link targets on both the dirty and fresh.
            work.then(link_targets(cx, unit, true)?)
        });

        job
    };
    jobs.enqueue(cx, unit, job)?;
    drop(p);

    // Be sure to compile all dependencies of this target as well.
    let deps = Vec::from(cx.unit_deps(unit)); // Create vec due to mutable borrow.
    for dep in deps {
        compile(cx, jobs, plan, &dep.unit, exec, false)?;
    }
    if build_plan {
        plan.add(cx, unit)?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn rustc(cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit, exec: &Arc<dyn Executor>) -> CargoResult<Work> {
    let mut rustc = prepare_rustc(cx, &unit.target.rustc_crate_types(), unit)?;
    let build_plan = cx.bcx.build_config.build_plan;

    let name = unit.pkg.name().to_string();
    let buildkey = unit.buildkey();

    add_cap_lints(cx.bcx, unit, &mut rustc);

    let outputs = cx.outputs(unit)?;
    let root = cx.files().out_dir(unit);

    // Prepare the native lib state (extra `-L` and `-l` flags).
    let build_script_outputs = Arc::clone(&cx.build_script_outputs);
    let current_id = unit.pkg.package_id();
    let manifest_path = PathBuf::from(unit.pkg.manifest_path());
    let build_scripts = cx.build_scripts.get(unit).cloned();

    // If we are a binary and the package also contains a library, then we
    // don't pass the `-l` flags.
    let pass_l_flag = unit.target.is_lib() || !unit.pkg.targets().iter().any(|t| t.is_lib());
    let link_type = (&unit.target).into();

    let dep_info_name = if cx.files().use_extra_filename(unit) {
        format!(
            "{}-{}.d",
            unit.target.crate_name(),
            cx.files().metadata(unit)
        )
    } else {
        format!("{}.d", unit.target.crate_name())
    };
    let rustc_dep_info_loc = root.join(dep_info_name);
    let dep_info_loc = fingerprint::dep_info_loc(cx, unit);

    rustc.args(cx.bcx.rustflags_args(unit));
    if cx.bcx.config.cli_unstable().binary_dep_depinfo {
        rustc.arg("-Z").arg("binary-dep-depinfo");
    }
    let mut output_options = OutputOptions::new(cx, unit);
    let package_id = unit.pkg.package_id();
    let target = Target::clone(&unit.target);
    let mode = unit.mode;

    exec.init(cx, unit);
    let exec = exec.clone();

    let root_output = cx.files().host_dest().to_path_buf();
    let target_dir = cx.bcx.ws.target_dir().into_path_unlocked();
    let pkg_root = unit.pkg.root().to_path_buf();
    let cwd = rustc
        .get_cwd()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.bcx.config.cwd())
        .to_path_buf();
    let fingerprint_dir = cx.files().fingerprint_dir(unit);
    let script_metadata = cx.find_build_script_metadata(unit);
    let is_local = unit.is_local();

    return Ok(Work::new(move |state| {
        // Only at runtime have we discovered what the extra -L and -l
        // arguments are for native libraries, so we process those here. We
        // also need to be sure to add any -L paths for our plugins to the
        // dynamic library load path as a plugin's dynamic library may be
        // located somewhere in there.
        // Finally, if custom environment variables have been produced by
        // previous build scripts, we include them in the rustc invocation.
        if let Some(build_scripts) = build_scripts {
            let script_outputs = build_script_outputs.lock().unwrap();
            if !build_plan {
                add_native_deps(
                    &mut rustc,
                    &script_outputs,
                    &build_scripts,
                    pass_l_flag,
                    link_type,
                    current_id,
                )?;
                add_plugin_deps(&mut rustc, &script_outputs, &build_scripts, &root_output)?;
            }
            add_custom_env(&mut rustc, &script_outputs, script_metadata);
        }

        for output in outputs.iter() {
            // If there is both an rmeta and rlib, rustc will prefer to use the
            // rlib, even if it is older. Therefore, we must delete the rlib to
            // force using the new rmeta.
            if output.path.extension() == Some(OsStr::new("rmeta")) {
                let dst = root.join(&output.path).with_extension("rlib");
                if dst.exists() {
                    paths::remove_file(&dst)?;
                }
            }
        }

        fn verbose_if_simple_exit_code(err: Error) -> Error {
            // If a signal on unix (`code == None`) or an abnormal termination
            // on Windows (codes like `0xC0000409`), don't hide the error details.
            match err
                .downcast_ref::<ProcessError>()
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|perr| perr.code)
            {
                Some(n) if cargo_util::is_simple_exit_code(n) => VerboseError::new(err).into(),
                _ => err,
            }
        }

        state.running(&rustc);
        let timestamp = paths::set_invocation_time(&fingerprint_dir)?;
        if build_plan {
            state.build_plan(buildkey, rustc.clone(), outputs.clone());
        } else {
            exec.exec(
                &rustc,
                package_id,
                &target,
                mode,
                &mut |line| on_stdout_line(state, line, package_id, &target),
                &mut |line| {
                    on_stderr_line(
                        state,
                        line,
                        package_id,
                        &manifest_path,
                        &target,
                        &mut output_options,
                    )
                },
            )
            .map_err(verbose_if_simple_exit_code)
            .with_context(|| format!("could not compile `{}`", name))?;
        }

        if rustc_dep_info_loc.exists() {
            fingerprint::translate_dep_info(
                &rustc_dep_info_loc,
                &dep_info_loc,
                &cwd,
                &pkg_root,
                &target_dir,
                &rustc,
                // Do not track source files in the fingerprint for registry dependencies.
                is_local,
            )
            .with_context(|| {
                internal(format!(
                    "could not parse/generate dep info at: {}",
                    rustc_dep_info_loc.display()
                ))
            })?;
            // This mtime shift allows Cargo to detect if a source file was
            // modified in the middle of the build.
            paths::set_file_time_no_err(dep_info_loc, timestamp);
        }

        Ok(())
    }));

    // Add all relevant `-L` and `-l` flags from dependencies (now calculated and
    // present in `state`) to the command provided.
    fn add_native_deps(
        rustc: &mut ProcessBuilder,
        build_script_outputs: &BuildScriptOutputs,
        build_scripts: &BuildScripts,
        pass_l_flag: bool,
        link_type: Option<LinkType>,
        current_id: PackageId,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        for key in build_scripts.to_link.iter() {
            let output = build_script_outputs.get(key.1).ok_or_else(|| {
                internal(format!(
                    "couldn't find build script output for {}/{}",
                    key.0, key.1
                ))
            })?;
            for path in output.library_paths.iter() {
                rustc.arg("-L").arg(path);
            }

            if key.0 == current_id {
                for cfg in &output.cfgs {
                    rustc.arg("--cfg").arg(cfg);
                }
                if pass_l_flag {
                    for name in output.library_links.iter() {
                        rustc.arg("-l").arg(name);
                    }
                }
            }

            if link_type.is_some() {
                for (lt, arg) in &output.linker_args {
                    if lt.is_none() || *lt == link_type {
                        rustc.arg("-C").arg(format!("link-arg={}", arg));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    // Add all custom environment variables present in `state` (after they've
    // been put there by one of the `build_scripts`) to the command provided.
    fn add_custom_env(
        rustc: &mut ProcessBuilder,
        build_script_outputs: &BuildScriptOutputs,
        metadata: Option<Metadata>,
    ) {
        if let Some(metadata) = metadata {
            if let Some(output) = build_script_outputs.get(metadata) {
                for &(ref name, ref value) in output.env.iter() {
                    rustc.env(name, value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Link the compiled target (often of form `foo-{metadata_hash}`) to the
/// final target. This must happen during both "Fresh" and "Compile".
fn link_targets(cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit, fresh: bool) -> CargoResult<Work> {
    let bcx = cx.bcx;
    let outputs = cx.outputs(unit)?;
    let export_dir = cx.files().export_dir();
    let package_id = unit.pkg.package_id();
    let manifest_path = PathBuf::from(unit.pkg.manifest_path());
    let profile = unit.profile;
    let unit_mode = unit.mode;
    let features = unit.features.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
    let json_messages = bcx.build_config.emit_json();
    let executable = cx.get_executable(unit)?;
    let mut target = Target::clone(&unit.target);
    if let TargetSourcePath::Metabuild = target.src_path() {
        // Give it something to serialize.
        let path = unit.pkg.manifest().metabuild_path(cx.bcx.ws.target_dir());
        target.set_src_path(TargetSourcePath::Path(path));
    }

    Ok(Work::new(move |state| {
        // If we're a "root crate", e.g., the target of this compilation, then we
        // hard link our outputs out of the `deps` directory into the directory
        // above. This means that `cargo build` will produce binaries in
        // `target/debug` which one probably expects.
        let mut destinations = vec![];
        for output in outputs.iter() {
            let src = &output.path;
            // This may have been a `cargo rustc` command which changes the
            // output, so the source may not actually exist.
            if !src.exists() {
                continue;
            }
            let dst = match output.hardlink.as_ref() {
                Some(dst) => dst,
                None => {
                    destinations.push(src.clone());
                    continue;
                }
            };
            destinations.push(dst.clone());
            paths::link_or_copy(src, dst)?;
            if let Some(ref path) = output.export_path {
                let export_dir = export_dir.as_ref().unwrap();
                paths::create_dir_all(export_dir)?;

                paths::link_or_copy(src, path)?;
            }
        }

        if json_messages {
            let art_profile = machine_message::ArtifactProfile {
                opt_level: profile.opt_level.as_str(),
                debuginfo: profile.debuginfo,
                debug_assertions: profile.debug_assertions,
                overflow_checks: profile.overflow_checks,
                test: unit_mode.is_any_test(),
            };

            let msg = machine_message::Artifact {
                package_id,
                manifest_path,
                target: &target,
                profile: art_profile,
                features,
                filenames: destinations,
                executable,
                fresh,
            }
            .to_json_string();
            state.stdout(msg)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }))
}

// For all plugin dependencies, add their -L paths (now calculated and present
// in `build_script_outputs`) to the dynamic library load path for the command
// to execute.
fn add_plugin_deps(
    rustc: &mut ProcessBuilder,
    build_script_outputs: &BuildScriptOutputs,
    build_scripts: &BuildScripts,
    root_output: &Path,
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    let var = paths::dylib_path_envvar();
    let search_path = rustc.get_env(var).unwrap_or_default();
    let mut search_path = env::split_paths(&search_path).collect::<Vec<_>>();
    for (pkg_id, metadata) in &build_scripts.plugins {
        let output = build_script_outputs
            .get(*metadata)
            .ok_or_else(|| internal(format!("couldn't find libs for plugin dep {}", pkg_id)))?;
        search_path.append(&mut filter_dynamic_search_path(
            output.library_paths.iter(),
            root_output,
        ));
    }
    let search_path = paths::join_paths(&search_path, var)?;
    rustc.env(var, &search_path);
    Ok(())
}

// Determine paths to add to the dynamic search path from -L entries
//
// Strip off prefixes like "native=" or "framework=" and filter out directories
// **not** inside our output directory since they are likely spurious and can cause
// clashes with system shared libraries (issue #3366).
fn filter_dynamic_search_path<'a, I>(paths: I, root_output: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a PathBuf>,
{
    let mut search_path = vec![];
    for dir in paths {
        let dir = match dir.to_str() {
            Some(s) => {
                let mut parts = s.splitn(2, '=');
                match (parts.next(), parts.next()) {
                    (Some("native"), Some(path))
                    | (Some("crate"), Some(path))
                    | (Some("dependency"), Some(path))
                    | (Some("framework"), Some(path))
                    | (Some("all"), Some(path)) => path.into(),
                    _ => dir.clone(),
                }
            }
            None => dir.clone(),
        };
        if dir.starts_with(&root_output) {
            search_path.push(dir);
        } else {
            debug!(
                "Not including path {} in runtime library search path because it is \
                 outside target root {}",
                dir.display(),
                root_output.display()
            );
        }
    }
    search_path
}

fn prepare_rustc(
    cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>,
    crate_types: &[CrateType],
    unit: &Unit,
) -> CargoResult<ProcessBuilder> {
    let is_primary = cx.is_primary_package(unit);
    let is_workspace = cx.bcx.ws.is_member(&unit.pkg);

    let mut base = cx
        .compilation
        .rustc_process(unit, is_primary, is_workspace)?;

    if is_primary {
        base.env("CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE", "1");
    }

    if cx.bcx.config.cli_unstable().jobserver_per_rustc {
        let client = cx.new_jobserver()?;
        base.inherit_jobserver(&client);
        base.arg("-Z").arg("jobserver-token-requests");
        assert!(cx.rustc_clients.insert(unit.clone(), client).is_none());
    } else {
        base.inherit_jobserver(&cx.jobserver);
    }
    build_base_args(cx, &mut base, unit, crate_types)?;
    build_deps_args(&mut base, cx, unit)?;
    Ok(base)
}

fn rustdoc(cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> CargoResult<Work> {
    let bcx = cx.bcx;
    // script_metadata is not needed here, it is only for tests.
    let mut rustdoc = cx.compilation.rustdoc_process(unit, None)?;
    rustdoc.inherit_jobserver(&cx.jobserver);
    let crate_name = unit.target.crate_name();
    rustdoc.arg("--crate-name").arg(&crate_name);
    add_path_args(bcx.ws, unit, &mut rustdoc);
    add_cap_lints(bcx, unit, &mut rustdoc);

    if let CompileKind::Target(target) = unit.kind {
        rustdoc.arg("--target").arg(target.rustc_target());
    }
    let doc_dir = cx.files().out_dir(unit);

    // Create the documentation directory ahead of time as rustdoc currently has
    // a bug where concurrent invocations will race to create this directory if
    // it doesn't already exist.
    paths::create_dir_all(&doc_dir)?;

    rustdoc.arg("-o").arg(&doc_dir);

    for feat in &unit.features {
        rustdoc.arg("--cfg").arg(&format!("feature=\"{}\"", feat));
    }

    add_error_format_and_color(cx, &mut rustdoc, false);
    add_allow_features(cx, &mut rustdoc);

    if let Some(args) = cx.bcx.extra_args_for(unit) {
        rustdoc.args(args);
    }

    build_deps_args(&mut rustdoc, cx, unit)?;
    rustdoc::add_root_urls(cx, unit, &mut rustdoc)?;

    rustdoc.args(bcx.rustdocflags_args(unit));

    if !crate_version_flag_already_present(&rustdoc) {
        append_crate_version_flag(unit, &mut rustdoc);
    }

    let name = unit.pkg.name().to_string();
    let build_script_outputs = Arc::clone(&cx.build_script_outputs);
    let package_id = unit.pkg.package_id();
    let manifest_path = PathBuf::from(unit.pkg.manifest_path());
    let target = Target::clone(&unit.target);
    let mut output_options = OutputOptions::new(cx, unit);
    let script_metadata = cx.find_build_script_metadata(unit);
    Ok(Work::new(move |state| {
        if let Some(script_metadata) = script_metadata {
            if let Some(output) = build_script_outputs.lock().unwrap().get(script_metadata) {
                for cfg in output.cfgs.iter() {
                    rustdoc.arg("--cfg").arg(cfg);
                }
                for &(ref name, ref value) in output.env.iter() {
                    rustdoc.env(name, value);
                }
            }
        }
        let crate_dir = doc_dir.join(&crate_name);
        if crate_dir.exists() {
            // Remove output from a previous build. This ensures that stale
            // files for removed items are removed.
            log::debug!("removing pre-existing doc directory {:?}", crate_dir);
            paths::remove_dir_all(crate_dir)?;
        }
        state.running(&rustdoc);

        rustdoc
            .exec_with_streaming(
                &mut |line| on_stdout_line(state, line, package_id, &target),
                &mut |line| {
                    on_stderr_line(
                        state,
                        line,
                        package_id,
                        &manifest_path,
                        &target,
                        &mut output_options,
                    )
                },
                false,
            )
            .with_context(|| format!("could not document `{}`", name))?;
        Ok(())
    }))
}

// The --crate-version flag could have already been passed in RUSTDOCFLAGS
// or as an extra compiler argument for rustdoc
fn crate_version_flag_already_present(rustdoc: &ProcessBuilder) -> bool {
    rustdoc.get_args().iter().any(|flag| {
        flag.to_str()
            .map_or(false, |flag| flag.starts_with(RUSTDOC_CRATE_VERSION_FLAG))
    })
}

fn append_crate_version_flag(unit: &Unit, rustdoc: &mut ProcessBuilder) {
    rustdoc
        .arg(RUSTDOC_CRATE_VERSION_FLAG)
        .arg(unit.pkg.version().to_string());
}

fn add_cap_lints(bcx: &BuildContext<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit, cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder) {
    // If this is an upstream dep we don't want warnings from, turn off all
    // lints.
    if !unit.show_warnings(bcx.config) {
        cmd.arg("--cap-lints").arg("allow");

    // If this is an upstream dep but we *do* want warnings, make sure that they
    // don't fail compilation.
    } else if !unit.is_local() {
        cmd.arg("--cap-lints").arg("warn");
    }
}

/// Forward -Zallow-features if it is set for cargo.
fn add_allow_features(cx: &Context<'_, '_>, cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder) {
    if let Some(allow) = &cx.bcx.config.cli_unstable().allow_features {
        let mut arg = String::from("-Zallow-features=");
        let _ = iter_join_onto(&mut arg, allow, ",");
        cmd.arg(&arg);
    }
}

/// Add error-format flags to the command.
///
/// Cargo always uses JSON output. This has several benefits, such as being
/// easier to parse, handles changing formats (for replaying cached messages),
/// ensures atomic output (so messages aren't interleaved), allows for
/// intercepting messages like rmeta artifacts, etc. rustc includes a
/// "rendered" field in the JSON message with the message properly formatted,
/// which Cargo will extract and display to the user.
fn add_error_format_and_color(cx: &Context<'_, '_>, cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder, pipelined: bool) {
    cmd.arg("--error-format=json");
    let mut json = String::from("--json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi");
    if pipelined {
        // Pipelining needs to know when rmeta files are finished. Tell rustc
        // to emit a message that cargo will intercept.
        json.push_str(",artifacts");
    }

    match cx.bcx.build_config.message_format {
        MessageFormat::Short | MessageFormat::Json { short: true, .. } => {
            json.push_str(",diagnostic-short");
        }
        _ => {}
    }
    cmd.arg(json);

    let config = cx.bcx.config;
    if config.nightly_features_allowed {
        match (
            config.cli_unstable().terminal_width,
            config.shell().err_width().diagnostic_terminal_width(),
        ) {
            // Terminal width explicitly provided - only useful for testing.
            (Some(Some(width)), _) => {
                cmd.arg(format!("-Zterminal-width={}", width));
            }
            // Terminal width was not explicitly provided but flag was provided - common case.
            (Some(None), Some(width)) => {
                cmd.arg(format!("-Zterminal-width={}", width));
            }
            // User didn't opt-in.
            _ => (),
        }
    }
}

fn build_base_args(
    cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>,
    cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder,
    unit: &Unit,
    crate_types: &[CrateType],
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    assert!(!unit.mode.is_run_custom_build());

    let bcx = cx.bcx;
    let Profile {
        ref opt_level,
        codegen_units,
        debuginfo,
        debug_assertions,
        split_debuginfo,
        overflow_checks,
        rpath,
        ref panic,
        incremental,
        strip,
        ..
    } = unit.profile;
    let test = unit.mode.is_any_test();

    cmd.arg("--crate-name").arg(&unit.target.crate_name());

    let edition = unit.target.edition();
    edition.cmd_edition_arg(cmd);

    add_path_args(bcx.ws, unit, cmd);
    add_error_format_and_color(cx, cmd, cx.rmeta_required(unit));
    add_allow_features(cx, cmd);

    if !test {
        for crate_type in crate_types.iter() {
            cmd.arg("--crate-type").arg(crate_type.as_str());
        }
    }

    if unit.mode.is_check() {
        cmd.arg("--emit=dep-info,metadata");
    } else if !unit.requires_upstream_objects() {
        // Always produce metadata files for rlib outputs. Metadata may be used
        // in this session for a pipelined compilation, or it may be used in a
        // future Cargo session as part of a pipelined compile.
        cmd.arg("--emit=dep-info,metadata,link");
    } else {
        cmd.arg("--emit=dep-info,link");
    }

    let prefer_dynamic = (unit.target.for_host() && !unit.target.is_custom_build())
        || (crate_types.contains(&CrateType::Dylib) && !cx.is_primary_package(unit));
    if prefer_dynamic {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg("prefer-dynamic");
    }

    if opt_level.as_str() != "0" {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg(&format!("opt-level={}", opt_level));
    }

    if *panic != PanicStrategy::Unwind {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg(format!("panic={}", panic));
    }

    cmd.args(&lto_args(cx, unit));

    // This is generally just an optimization on build time so if we don't pass
    // it then it's ok. As of the time of this writing it's a very new flag, so
    // we need to dynamically check if it's available.
    if cx.bcx.target_data.info(unit.kind).supports_split_debuginfo {
        if let Some(split) = split_debuginfo {
            cmd.arg("-C").arg(format!("split-debuginfo={}", split));
        }
    }

    if let Some(n) = codegen_units {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg(&format!("codegen-units={}", n));
    }

    if let Some(debuginfo) = debuginfo {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg(format!("debuginfo={}", debuginfo));
    }

    if let Some(args) = cx.bcx.extra_args_for(unit) {
        cmd.args(args);
    }

    // `-C overflow-checks` is implied by the setting of `-C debug-assertions`,
    // so we only need to provide `-C overflow-checks` if it differs from
    // the value of `-C debug-assertions` we would provide.
    if opt_level.as_str() != "0" {
        if debug_assertions {
            cmd.args(&["-C", "debug-assertions=on"]);
            if !overflow_checks {
                cmd.args(&["-C", "overflow-checks=off"]);
            }
        } else if overflow_checks {
            cmd.args(&["-C", "overflow-checks=on"]);
        }
    } else if !debug_assertions {
        cmd.args(&["-C", "debug-assertions=off"]);
        if overflow_checks {
            cmd.args(&["-C", "overflow-checks=on"]);
        }
    } else if !overflow_checks {
        cmd.args(&["-C", "overflow-checks=off"]);
    }

    if test && unit.target.harness() {
        cmd.arg("--test");

        // Cargo has historically never compiled `--test` binaries with
        // `panic=abort` because the `test` crate itself didn't support it.
        // Support is now upstream, however, but requires an unstable flag to be
        // passed when compiling the test. We require, in Cargo, an unstable
        // flag to pass to rustc, so register that here. Eventually this flag
        // will simply not be needed when the behavior is stabilized in the Rust
        // compiler itself.
        if *panic == PanicStrategy::Abort {
            cmd.arg("-Z").arg("panic-abort-tests");
        }
    } else if test {
        cmd.arg("--cfg").arg("test");
    }

    for feat in &unit.features {
        cmd.arg("--cfg").arg(&format!("feature=\"{}\"", feat));
    }

    let meta = cx.files().metadata(unit);
    cmd.arg("-C").arg(&format!("metadata={}", meta));
    if cx.files().use_extra_filename(unit) {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg(&format!("extra-filename=-{}", meta));
    }

    if rpath {
        cmd.arg("-C").arg("rpath");
    }

    cmd.arg("--out-dir").arg(&cx.files().out_dir(unit));

    fn opt(cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder, key: &str, prefix: &str, val: Option<&OsStr>) {
        if let Some(val) = val {
            let mut joined = OsString::from(prefix);
            joined.push(val);
            cmd.arg(key).arg(joined);
        }
    }

    if let CompileKind::Target(n) = unit.kind {
        cmd.arg("--target").arg(n.rustc_target());
    }

    opt(
        cmd,
        "-C",
        "linker=",
        bcx.linker(unit.kind).as_ref().map(|s| s.as_ref()),
    );
    if incremental {
        let dir = cx.files().layout(unit.kind).incremental().as_os_str();
        opt(cmd, "-C", "incremental=", Some(dir));
    }

    if strip != Strip::None {
        cmd.arg("-Z").arg(format!("strip={}", strip));
    }

    if unit.is_std {
        // -Zforce-unstable-if-unmarked prevents the accidental use of
        // unstable crates within the sysroot (such as "extern crate libc" or
        // any non-public crate in the sysroot).
        //
        // RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP allows unstable features on stable.
        cmd.arg("-Z")
            .arg("force-unstable-if-unmarked")
            .env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1");
    }

    if bcx.config.cli_unstable().future_incompat_report {
        cmd.arg("-Z").arg("emit-future-incompat-report");
    }

    // Add `CARGO_BIN_` environment variables for building tests.
    if unit.target.is_test() || unit.target.is_bench() {
        for bin_target in unit
            .pkg
            .manifest()
            .targets()
            .iter()
            .filter(|target| target.is_bin())
        {
            let exe_path = cx
                .files()
                .bin_link_for_target(bin_target, unit.kind, cx.bcx)?;
            let key = format!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_{}", bin_target.name());
            cmd.env(&key, exe_path);
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn lto_args(cx: &Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> Vec<OsString> {
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let mut push = |arg: &str| {
        result.push(OsString::from("-C"));
        result.push(OsString::from(arg));
    };
    match cx.lto[unit] {
        lto::Lto::Run(None) => push("lto"),
        lto::Lto::Run(Some(s)) => push(&format!("lto={}", s)),
        lto::Lto::Off => {
            push("lto=off");
            push("embed-bitcode=no");
        }
        lto::Lto::ObjectAndBitcode => {} // this is rustc's default
        lto::Lto::OnlyBitcode => push("linker-plugin-lto"),
        lto::Lto::OnlyObject => push("embed-bitcode=no"),
    }
    result
}

fn build_deps_args(
    cmd: &mut ProcessBuilder,
    cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>,
    unit: &Unit,
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    let bcx = cx.bcx;
    cmd.arg("-L").arg(&{
        let mut deps = OsString::from("dependency=");
        deps.push(cx.files().deps_dir(unit));
        deps
    });

    // Be sure that the host path is also listed. This'll ensure that proc macro
    // dependencies are correctly found (for reexported macros).
    if !unit.kind.is_host() {
        cmd.arg("-L").arg(&{
            let mut deps = OsString::from("dependency=");
            deps.push(cx.files().host_deps());
            deps
        });
    }

    let deps = cx.unit_deps(unit);

    // If there is not one linkable target but should, rustc fails later
    // on if there is an `extern crate` for it. This may turn into a hard
    // error in the future (see PR #4797).
    if !deps
        .iter()
        .any(|dep| !dep.unit.mode.is_doc() && dep.unit.target.is_linkable())
    {
        if let Some(dep) = deps
            .iter()
            .find(|dep| !dep.unit.mode.is_doc() && dep.unit.target.is_lib())
        {
            bcx.config.shell().warn(format!(
                "The package `{}` \
                 provides no linkable target. The compiler might raise an error while compiling \
                 `{}`. Consider adding 'dylib' or 'rlib' to key `crate-type` in `{}`'s \
                 Cargo.toml. This warning might turn into a hard error in the future.",
                dep.unit.target.crate_name(),
                unit.target.crate_name(),
                dep.unit.target.crate_name()
            ))?;
        }
    }

    let mut unstable_opts = false;

    for dep in deps {
        if dep.unit.mode.is_run_custom_build() {
            cmd.env("OUT_DIR", &cx.files().build_script_out_dir(&dep.unit));
        }
    }

    for arg in extern_args(cx, unit, &mut unstable_opts)? {
        cmd.arg(arg);
    }

    // This will only be set if we're already using a feature
    // requiring nightly rust
    if unstable_opts {
        cmd.arg("-Z").arg("unstable-options");
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Generates a list of `--extern` arguments.
pub fn extern_args(
    cx: &Context<'_, '_>,
    unit: &Unit,
    unstable_opts: &mut bool,
) -> CargoResult<Vec<OsString>> {
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let deps = cx.unit_deps(unit);

    // Closure to add one dependency to `result`.
    let mut link_to =
        |dep: &UnitDep, extern_crate_name: InternedString, noprelude: bool| -> CargoResult<()> {
            let mut value = OsString::new();
            let mut opts = Vec::new();
            if unit
                .pkg
                .manifest()
                .unstable_features()
                .require(Feature::public_dependency())
                .is_ok()
                && !dep.public
            {
                opts.push("priv");
                *unstable_opts = true;
            }
            if noprelude {
                opts.push("noprelude");
                *unstable_opts = true;
            }
            if !opts.is_empty() {
                value.push(opts.join(","));
                value.push(":");
            }
            value.push(extern_crate_name.as_str());
            value.push("=");

            let mut pass = |file| {
                let mut value = value.clone();
                value.push(file);
                result.push(OsString::from("--extern"));
                result.push(value);
            };

            let outputs = cx.outputs(&dep.unit)?;

            if cx.only_requires_rmeta(unit, &dep.unit) || dep.unit.mode.is_check() {
                // Example: rlib dependency for an rlib, rmeta is all that is required.
                let output = outputs
                    .iter()
                    .find(|output| output.flavor == FileFlavor::Rmeta)
                    .expect("failed to find rmeta dep for pipelined dep");
                pass(&output.path);
            } else {
                // Example: a bin needs `rlib` for dependencies, it cannot use rmeta.
                for output in outputs.iter() {
                    if output.flavor == FileFlavor::Linkable {
                        pass(&output.path);
                    }
                }
            }
            Ok(())
        };

    for dep in deps {
        if dep.unit.target.is_linkable() && !dep.unit.mode.is_doc() {
            link_to(dep, dep.extern_crate_name, dep.noprelude)?;
        }
    }
    if unit.target.proc_macro() {
        // Automatically import `proc_macro`.
        result.push(OsString::from("--extern"));
        result.push(OsString::from("proc_macro"));
    }

    Ok(result)
}

fn envify(s: &str) -> String {
    s.chars()
        .flat_map(|c| c.to_uppercase())
        .map(|c| if c == '-' { '_' } else { c })
        .collect()
}

struct OutputOptions {
    /// What format we're emitting from Cargo itself.
    format: MessageFormat,
    /// Look for JSON message that indicates .rmeta file is available for
    /// pipelined compilation.
    look_for_metadata_directive: bool,
    /// Whether or not to display messages in color.
    color: bool,
    /// Where to write the JSON messages to support playback later if the unit
    /// is fresh. The file is created lazily so that in the normal case, lots
    /// of empty files are not created. If this is None, the output will not
    /// be cached (such as when replaying cached messages).
    cache_cell: Option<(PathBuf, LazyCell<File>)>,
    /// If `true`, display any recorded warning messages.
    /// Other types of messages are processed regardless
    /// of the value of this flag
    show_warnings: bool,
}

impl OutputOptions {
    fn new(cx: &Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> OutputOptions {
        let look_for_metadata_directive = cx.rmeta_required(unit);
        let color = cx.bcx.config.shell().err_supports_color();
        let path = cx.files().message_cache_path(unit);
        // Remove old cache, ignore ENOENT, which is the common case.
        drop(fs::remove_file(&path));
        let cache_cell = Some((path, LazyCell::new()));
        OutputOptions {
            format: cx.bcx.build_config.message_format,
            look_for_metadata_directive,
            color,
            cache_cell,
            show_warnings: true,
        }
    }
}

fn on_stdout_line(
    state: &JobState<'_>,
    line: &str,
    _package_id: PackageId,
    _target: &Target,
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    state.stdout(line.to_string())?;
    Ok(())
}

fn on_stderr_line(
    state: &JobState<'_>,
    line: &str,
    package_id: PackageId,
    manifest_path: &std::path::Path,
    target: &Target,
    options: &mut OutputOptions,
) -> CargoResult<()> {
    if on_stderr_line_inner(state, line, package_id, manifest_path, target, options)? {
        // Check if caching is enabled.
        if let Some((path, cell)) = &mut options.cache_cell {
            // Cache the output, which will be replayed later when Fresh.
            let f = cell.try_borrow_mut_with(|| paths::create(path))?;
            debug_assert!(!line.contains('\n'));
            f.write_all(line.as_bytes())?;
            f.write_all(&[b'\n'])?;
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Returns true if the line should be cached.
fn on_stderr_line_inner(
    state: &JobState<'_>,
    line: &str,
    package_id: PackageId,
    manifest_path: &std::path::Path,
    target: &Target,
    options: &mut OutputOptions,
) -> CargoResult<bool> {
    // We primarily want to use this function to process JSON messages from
    // rustc. The compiler should always print one JSON message per line, and
    // otherwise it may have other output intermingled (think RUST_LOG or
    // something like that), so skip over everything that doesn't look like a
    // JSON message.
    if !line.starts_with('{') {
        state.stderr(line.to_string())?;
        return Ok(true);
    }

    let mut compiler_message: Box<serde_json::value::RawValue> = match serde_json::from_str(line) {
        Ok(msg) => msg,

        // If the compiler produced a line that started with `{` but it wasn't
        // valid JSON, maybe it wasn't JSON in the first place! Forward it along
        // to stderr.
        Err(e) => {
            debug!("failed to parse json: {:?}", e);
            state.stderr(line.to_string())?;
            return Ok(true);
        }
    };

    if let Ok(report) = serde_json::from_str::<FutureIncompatReport>(compiler_message.get()) {
        state.future_incompat_report(report.future_incompat_report);
        return Ok(true);
    }

    // Depending on what we're emitting from Cargo itself, we figure out what to
    // do with this JSON message.
    match options.format {
        // In the "human" output formats (human/short) or if diagnostic messages
        // from rustc aren't being included in the output of Cargo's JSON
        // messages then we extract the diagnostic (if present) here and handle
        // it ourselves.
        MessageFormat::Human
        | MessageFormat::Short
        | MessageFormat::Json {
            render_diagnostics: true,
            ..
        } => {
            #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
            struct CompilerMessage {
                rendered: String,
            }
            if let Ok(mut error) = serde_json::from_str::<CompilerMessage>(compiler_message.get()) {
                // state.stderr will add a newline
                if error.rendered.ends_with('\n') {
                    error.rendered.pop();
                }
                let rendered = if options.color {
                    error.rendered
                } else {
                    // Strip only fails if the the Writer fails, which is Cursor
                    // on a Vec, which should never fail.
                    strip_ansi_escapes::strip(&error.rendered)
                        .map(|v| String::from_utf8(v).expect("utf8"))
                        .expect("strip should never fail")
                };
                if options.show_warnings {
                    state.stderr(rendered)?;
                }
                return Ok(true);
            }
        }

        // Remove color information from the rendered string if color is not
        // enabled. Cargo always asks for ANSI colors from rustc. This allows
        // cached replay to enable/disable colors without re-invoking rustc.
        MessageFormat::Json { ansi: false, .. } => {
            #[derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
            struct CompilerMessage {
                rendered: String,
                #[serde(flatten)]
                other: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
            }
            if let Ok(mut error) = serde_json::from_str::<CompilerMessage>(compiler_message.get()) {
                error.rendered = strip_ansi_escapes::strip(&error.rendered)
                    .map(|v| String::from_utf8(v).expect("utf8"))
                    .unwrap_or(error.rendered);
                let new_line = serde_json::to_string(&error)?;
                let new_msg: Box<serde_json::value::RawValue> = serde_json::from_str(&new_line)?;
                compiler_message = new_msg;
            }
        }

        // If ansi colors are desired then we should be good to go! We can just
        // pass through this message as-is.
        MessageFormat::Json { ansi: true, .. } => {}
    }

    // In some modes of execution we will execute rustc with `-Z
    // emit-artifact-notifications` to look for metadata files being produced. When this
    // happens we may be able to start subsequent compilations more quickly than
    // waiting for an entire compile to finish, possibly using more parallelism
    // available to complete a compilation session more quickly.
    //
    // In these cases look for a matching directive and inform Cargo internally
    // that a metadata file has been produced.
    if options.look_for_metadata_directive {
        #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
        struct ArtifactNotification {
            artifact: String,
        }
        if let Ok(artifact) = serde_json::from_str::<ArtifactNotification>(compiler_message.get()) {
            log::trace!("found directive from rustc: `{}`", artifact.artifact);
            if artifact.artifact.ends_with(".rmeta") {
                log::debug!("looks like metadata finished early!");
                state.rmeta_produced();
            }
            return Ok(false);
        }
    }

    #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
    struct JobserverNotification {
        jobserver_event: Event,
    }

    #[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
    enum Event {
        WillAcquire,
        Release,
    }

    if let Ok(JobserverNotification { jobserver_event }) =
        serde_json::from_str::<JobserverNotification>(compiler_message.get())
    {
        log::info!(
            "found jobserver directive from rustc: `{:?}`",
            jobserver_event
        );
        match jobserver_event {
            Event::WillAcquire => state.will_acquire(),
            Event::Release => state.release_token(),
        }
        return Ok(false);
    }

    // And failing all that above we should have a legitimate JSON diagnostic
    // from the compiler, so wrap it in an external Cargo JSON message
    // indicating which package it came from and then emit it.

    if !options.show_warnings {
        return Ok(true);
    }

    let msg = machine_message::FromCompiler {
        package_id,
        manifest_path,
        target,
        message: compiler_message,
    }
    .to_json_string();

    // Switch json lines from rustc/rustdoc that appear on stderr to stdout
    // instead. We want the stdout of Cargo to always be machine parseable as
    // stderr has our colorized human-readable messages.
    state.stdout(msg)?;
    Ok(true)
}

fn replay_output_cache(
    package_id: PackageId,
    manifest_path: PathBuf,
    target: &Target,
    path: PathBuf,
    format: MessageFormat,
    color: bool,
    show_warnings: bool,
) -> Work {
    let target = target.clone();
    let mut options = OutputOptions {
        format,
        look_for_metadata_directive: true,
        color,
        cache_cell: None,
        show_warnings,
    };
    Work::new(move |state| {
        if !path.exists() {
            // No cached output, probably didn't emit anything.
            return Ok(());
        }
        // We sometimes have gigabytes of output from the compiler, so avoid
        // loading it all into memory at once, as that can cause OOM where
        // otherwise there would be none.
        let file = paths::open(&path)?;
        let mut reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file);
        let mut line = String::new();
        loop {
            let length = reader.read_line(&mut line)?;
            if length == 0 {
                break;
            }
            let trimmed = line.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]);
            on_stderr_line(
                state,
                trimmed,
                package_id,
                &manifest_path,
                &target,
                &mut options,
            )?;
            line.clear();
        }
        Ok(())
    })
}