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//! HTTP Server
//!
//! A `Server` is created to listen on a port, parse HTTP requests, and hand
//! them off to a `Service`.
//!
//! There are two levels of APIs provide for constructing HTTP servers:
//!
//! - The higher-level [`Server`](Server) type.
//! - The lower-level [`conn`](conn) module.
//!
//! # Server
//!
//! The [`Server`](Server) is main way to start listening for HTTP requests.
//! It wraps a listener with a [`MakeService`](crate::service), and then should
//! be executed to start serving requests.
//!
//! [`Server`](Server) accepts connections in both HTTP1 and HTTP2 by default.
//!
//! ## Example
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::convert::Infallible;
//! use std::net::SocketAddr;
//! use hyper::{Body, Request, Response, Server};
//! use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
//!
//! async fn handle(_req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, Infallible> {
//! Ok(Response::new(Body::from("Hello World")))
//! }
//!
//! # #[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
//! #[tokio::main]
//! async fn main() {
//! // Construct our SocketAddr to listen on...
//! let addr = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000));
//!
//! // And a MakeService to handle each connection...
//! let make_service = make_service_fn(|_conn| async {
//! Ok::<_, Infallible>(service_fn(handle))
//! });
//!
//! // Then bind and serve...
//! let server = Server::bind(&addr).serve(make_service);
//!
//! // And run forever...
//! if let Err(e) = server.await {
//! eprintln!("server error: {}", e);
//! }
//! }
//! # #[cfg(not(feature = "runtime"))]
//! # fn main() {}
//! ```
pub mod accept;
pub mod conn;
mod shutdown;
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
mod tcp;
use std::error::Error as StdError;
use std::fmt;
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpListener as StdTcpListener};
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
use std::time::Duration;
use pin_project::pin_project;
use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
use self::accept::Accept;
use crate::body::{Body, HttpBody};
use crate::common::exec::{Exec, H2Exec, NewSvcExec};
use crate::common::{task, Future, Pin, Poll, Unpin};
use crate::service::{HttpService, MakeServiceRef};
// Renamed `Http` as `Http_` for now so that people upgrading don't see an
// error that `hyper::server::Http` is private...
use self::conn::{Http as Http_, NoopWatcher, SpawnAll};
use self::shutdown::{Graceful, GracefulWatcher};
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
use self::tcp::AddrIncoming;
/// A listening HTTP server that accepts connections in both HTTP1 and HTTP2 by default.
///
/// `Server` is a `Future` mapping a bound listener with a set of service
/// handlers. It is built using the [`Builder`](Builder), and the future
/// completes when the server has been shutdown. It should be run by an
/// `Executor`.
#[pin_project]
pub struct Server<I, S, E = Exec> {
#[pin]
spawn_all: SpawnAll<I, S, E>,
}
/// A builder for a [`Server`](Server).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Builder<I, E = Exec> {
incoming: I,
protocol: Http_<E>,
}
// ===== impl Server =====
impl<I> Server<I, ()> {
/// Starts a [`Builder`](Builder) with the provided incoming stream.
pub fn builder(incoming: I) -> Builder<I> {
Builder {
incoming,
protocol: Http_::new(),
}
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
impl Server<AddrIncoming, ()> {
/// Binds to the provided address, and returns a [`Builder`](Builder).
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This method will panic if binding to the address fails. For a method
/// to bind to an address and return a `Result`, see `Server::try_bind`.
pub fn bind(addr: &SocketAddr) -> Builder<AddrIncoming> {
let incoming = AddrIncoming::new(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
panic!("error binding to {}: {}", addr, e);
});
Server::builder(incoming)
}
/// Tries to bind to the provided address, and returns a [`Builder`](Builder).
pub fn try_bind(addr: &SocketAddr) -> crate::Result<Builder<AddrIncoming>> {
AddrIncoming::new(addr).map(Server::builder)
}
/// Create a new instance from a `std::net::TcpListener` instance.
pub fn from_tcp(listener: StdTcpListener) -> Result<Builder<AddrIncoming>, crate::Error> {
AddrIncoming::from_std(listener).map(Server::builder)
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
impl<S, E> Server<AddrIncoming, S, E> {
/// Returns the local address that this server is bound to.
pub fn local_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr {
self.spawn_all.local_addr()
}
}
impl<I, IO, IE, S, E, B> Server<I, S, E>
where
I: Accept<Conn = IO, Error = IE>,
IE: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
S: MakeServiceRef<IO, Body, ResBody = B>,
S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
B: HttpBody + Send + Sync + 'static,
B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
E: H2Exec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
E: NewSvcExec<IO, S::Future, S::Service, E, GracefulWatcher>,
{
/// Prepares a server to handle graceful shutdown when the provided future
/// completes.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() {}
/// # #[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
/// # async fn run() {
/// # use hyper::{Body, Response, Server, Error};
/// # use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
/// # let make_service = make_service_fn(|_| async {
/// # Ok::<_, Error>(service_fn(|_req| async {
/// # Ok::<_, Error>(Response::new(Body::from("Hello World")))
/// # }))
/// # });
/// // Make a server from the previous examples...
/// let server = Server::bind(&([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000).into())
/// .serve(make_service);
///
/// // Prepare some signal for when the server should start shutting down...
/// let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel::<()>();
/// let graceful = server
/// .with_graceful_shutdown(async {
/// rx.await.ok();
/// });
///
/// // Await the `server` receiving the signal...
/// if let Err(e) = graceful.await {
/// eprintln!("server error: {}", e);
/// }
///
/// // And later, trigger the signal by calling `tx.send(())`.
/// let _ = tx.send(());
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn with_graceful_shutdown<F>(self, signal: F) -> Graceful<I, S, F, E>
where
F: Future<Output = ()>,
{
Graceful::new(self.spawn_all, signal)
}
}
impl<I, IO, IE, S, B, E> Future for Server<I, S, E>
where
I: Accept<Conn = IO, Error = IE>,
IE: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
S: MakeServiceRef<IO, Body, ResBody = B>,
S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
B: HttpBody + 'static,
B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
E: H2Exec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
E: NewSvcExec<IO, S::Future, S::Service, E, NoopWatcher>,
{
type Output = crate::Result<()>;
fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut task::Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
self.project().spawn_all.poll_watch(cx, &NoopWatcher)
}
}
impl<I: fmt::Debug, S: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Server<I, S> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("Server")
.field("listener", &self.spawn_all.incoming_ref())
.finish()
}
}
// ===== impl Builder =====
impl<I, E> Builder<I, E> {
/// Start a new builder, wrapping an incoming stream and low-level options.
///
/// For a more convenient constructor, see [`Server::bind`](Server::bind).
pub fn new(incoming: I, protocol: Http_<E>) -> Self {
Builder { incoming, protocol }
}
/// Sets whether to use keep-alive for HTTP/1 connections.
///
/// Default is `true`.
pub fn http1_keepalive(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http1_keep_alive(val);
self
}
/// Set whether HTTP/1 connections should support half-closures.
///
/// Clients can chose to shutdown their write-side while waiting
/// for the server to respond. Setting this to `true` will
/// prevent closing the connection immediately if `read`
/// detects an EOF in the middle of a request.
///
/// Default is `false`.
pub fn http1_half_close(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http1_half_close(val);
self
}
/// Set the maximum buffer size.
///
/// Default is ~ 400kb.
pub fn http1_max_buf_size(mut self, val: usize) -> Self {
self.protocol.max_buf_size(val);
self
}
// Sets whether to bunch up HTTP/1 writes until the read buffer is empty.
//
// This isn't really desirable in most cases, only really being useful in
// silly pipeline benchmarks.
#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn http1_pipeline_flush(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.pipeline_flush(val);
self
}
/// Set whether HTTP/1 connections should try to use vectored writes,
/// or always flatten into a single buffer.
///
/// # Note
///
/// Setting this to `false` may mean more copies of body data,
/// but may also improve performance when an IO transport doesn't
/// support vectored writes well, such as most TLS implementations.
///
/// Setting this to true will force hyper to use queued strategy
/// which may eliminate unnecessary cloning on some TLS backends
///
/// Default is `auto`. In this mode hyper will try to guess which
/// mode to use
pub fn http1_writev(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http1_writev(val);
self
}
/// Sets whether HTTP/1 is required.
///
/// Default is `false`.
pub fn http1_only(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http1_only(val);
self
}
/// Sets whether HTTP/2 is required.
///
/// Default is `false`.
pub fn http2_only(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_only(val);
self
}
/// Sets the [`SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE`][spec] option for HTTP2
/// stream-level flow control.
///
/// Passing `None` will do nothing.
///
/// If not set, hyper will use a default.
///
/// [spec]: https://http2.github.io/http2-spec/#SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE
pub fn http2_initial_stream_window_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_initial_stream_window_size(sz.into());
self
}
/// Sets the max connection-level flow control for HTTP2
///
/// Passing `None` will do nothing.
///
/// If not set, hyper will use a default.
pub fn http2_initial_connection_window_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
self.protocol
.http2_initial_connection_window_size(sz.into());
self
}
/// Sets whether to use an adaptive flow control.
///
/// Enabling this will override the limits set in
/// `http2_initial_stream_window_size` and
/// `http2_initial_connection_window_size`.
pub fn http2_adaptive_window(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_adaptive_window(enabled);
self
}
/// Sets the maximum frame size to use for HTTP2.
///
/// Passing `None` will do nothing.
///
/// If not set, hyper will use a default.
pub fn http2_max_frame_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_max_frame_size(sz);
self
}
/// Sets the [`SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS`][spec] option for HTTP2
/// connections.
///
/// Default is no limit (`std::u32::MAX`). Passing `None` will do nothing.
///
/// [spec]: https://http2.github.io/http2-spec/#SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
pub fn http2_max_concurrent_streams(mut self, max: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_max_concurrent_streams(max.into());
self
}
/// Sets an interval for HTTP2 Ping frames should be sent to keep a
/// connection alive.
///
/// Pass `None` to disable HTTP2 keep-alive.
///
/// Default is currently disabled.
///
/// # Cargo Feature
///
/// Requires the `runtime` cargo feature to be enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub fn http2_keep_alive_interval(mut self, interval: impl Into<Option<Duration>>) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_keep_alive_interval(interval);
self
}
/// Sets a timeout for receiving an acknowledgement of the keep-alive ping.
///
/// If the ping is not acknowledged within the timeout, the connection will
/// be closed. Does nothing if `http2_keep_alive_interval` is disabled.
///
/// Default is 20 seconds.
///
/// # Cargo Feature
///
/// Requires the `runtime` cargo feature to be enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub fn http2_keep_alive_timeout(mut self, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
self.protocol.http2_keep_alive_timeout(timeout);
self
}
/// Sets the `Executor` to deal with connection tasks.
///
/// Default is `tokio::spawn`.
pub fn executor<E2>(self, executor: E2) -> Builder<I, E2> {
Builder {
incoming: self.incoming,
protocol: self.protocol.with_executor(executor),
}
}
/// Consume this `Builder`, creating a [`Server`](Server).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
/// # async fn run() {
/// use hyper::{Body, Error, Response, Server};
/// use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
///
/// // Construct our SocketAddr to listen on...
/// let addr = ([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000).into();
///
/// // And a MakeService to handle each connection...
/// let make_svc = make_service_fn(|_| async {
/// Ok::<_, Error>(service_fn(|_req| async {
/// Ok::<_, Error>(Response::new(Body::from("Hello World")))
/// }))
/// });
///
/// // Then bind and serve...
/// let server = Server::bind(&addr)
/// .serve(make_svc);
///
/// // Run forever-ish...
/// if let Err(err) = server.await {
/// eprintln!("server error: {}", err);
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn serve<S, B>(self, new_service: S) -> Server<I, S, E>
where
I: Accept,
I::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
I::Conn: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
S: MakeServiceRef<I::Conn, Body, ResBody = B>,
S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
B: HttpBody + 'static,
B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
E: NewSvcExec<I::Conn, S::Future, S::Service, E, NoopWatcher>,
E: H2Exec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
{
let serve = self.protocol.serve(self.incoming, new_service);
let spawn_all = serve.spawn_all();
Server { spawn_all }
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
impl<E> Builder<AddrIncoming, E> {
/// Set whether TCP keepalive messages are enabled on accepted connections.
///
/// If `None` is specified, keepalive is disabled, otherwise the duration
/// specified will be the time to remain idle before sending TCP keepalive
/// probes.
pub fn tcp_keepalive(mut self, keepalive: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
self.incoming.set_keepalive(keepalive);
self
}
/// Set the value of `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections.
pub fn tcp_nodelay(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
self.incoming.set_nodelay(enabled);
self
}
/// Set whether to sleep on accept errors.
///
/// A possible scenario is that the process has hit the max open files
/// allowed, and so trying to accept a new connection will fail with
/// EMFILE. In some cases, it's preferable to just wait for some time, if
/// the application will likely close some files (or connections), and try
/// to accept the connection again. If this option is true, the error will
/// be logged at the error level, since it is still a big deal, and then
/// the listener will sleep for 1 second.
///
/// In other cases, hitting the max open files should be treat similarly
/// to being out-of-memory, and simply error (and shutdown). Setting this
/// option to false will allow that.
///
/// For more details see [`AddrIncoming::set_sleep_on_errors`]
pub fn tcp_sleep_on_accept_errors(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
self.incoming.set_sleep_on_errors(val);
self
}
}