pub struct Sender<T> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

Sends values to the associated Receiver.

Instances are created by the channel function.

Implementations

Sends a new value via the channel, notifying all receivers.

This method fails if the channel is closed, which is the case when every receiver has been dropped. It is possible to reopen the channel using the subscribe method. However, when send fails, the value isn’t made available for future receivers (but returned with the SendError).

To always make a new value available for future receivers, even if no receiver currently exists, one of the other send methods (send_if_modified, send_modify, or send_replace) can be used instead.

Modifies the watched value unconditionally in-place, notifying all receivers.

This can useful for modifying the watched value, without having to allocate a new instance. Additionally, this method permits sending values even when there are no receivers.

Prefer to use the more versatile function Self::send_if_modified() if the value is only modified conditionally during the mutable borrow to prevent unneeded change notifications for unmodified values.

Panics

This function panics when the invocation of the modify closure panics. No receivers are notified when panicking. All changes of the watched value applied by the closure before panicking will be visible in subsequent calls to borrow.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

struct State {
    counter: usize,
}
let (state_tx, state_rx) = watch::channel(State { counter: 0 });
state_tx.send_modify(|state| state.counter += 1);
assert_eq!(state_rx.borrow().counter, 1);

Modifies the watched value conditionally in-place, notifying all receivers only if modified.

This can useful for modifying the watched value, without having to allocate a new instance. Additionally, this method permits sending values even when there are no receivers.

The modify closure must return true if the value has actually been modified during the mutable borrow. It should only return false if the value is guaranteed to be unmodified despite the mutable borrow.

Receivers are only notified if the closure returned true. If the closure has modified the value but returned false this results in a silent modification, i.e. the modified value will be visible in subsequent calls to borrow, but receivers will not receive a change notification.

Returns the result of the closure, i.e. true if the value has been modified and false otherwise.

Panics

This function panics when the invocation of the modify closure panics. No receivers are notified when panicking. All changes of the watched value applied by the closure before panicking will be visible in subsequent calls to borrow.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

struct State {
    counter: usize,
}
let (state_tx, mut state_rx) = watch::channel(State { counter: 1 });
let inc_counter_if_odd = |state: &mut State| {
    if state.counter % 2 == 1 {
        state.counter += 1;
        return true;
    }
    false
};

assert_eq!(state_rx.borrow().counter, 1);

assert!(!state_rx.has_changed().unwrap());
assert!(state_tx.send_if_modified(inc_counter_if_odd));
assert!(state_rx.has_changed().unwrap());
assert_eq!(state_rx.borrow_and_update().counter, 2);

assert!(!state_rx.has_changed().unwrap());
assert!(!state_tx.send_if_modified(inc_counter_if_odd));
assert!(!state_rx.has_changed().unwrap());
assert_eq!(state_rx.borrow_and_update().counter, 2);

Sends a new value via the channel, notifying all receivers and returning the previous value in the channel.

This can be useful for reusing the buffers inside a watched value. Additionally, this method permits sending values even when there are no receivers.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

let (tx, _rx) = watch::channel(1);
assert_eq!(tx.send_replace(2), 1);
assert_eq!(tx.send_replace(3), 2);

Returns a reference to the most recently sent value

Outstanding borrows hold a read lock on the inner value. This means that long-lived borrows could cause the producer half to block. It is recommended to keep the borrow as short-lived as possible. Additionally, if you are running in an environment that allows !Send futures, you must ensure that the returned Ref type is never held alive across an .await point, otherwise, it can lead to a deadlock.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

let (tx, _) = watch::channel("hello");
assert_eq!(*tx.borrow(), "hello");

Checks if the channel has been closed. This happens when all receivers have dropped.

Examples
let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(());
assert!(!tx.is_closed());

drop(rx);
assert!(tx.is_closed());

Completes when all receivers have dropped.

This allows the producer to get notified when interest in the produced values is canceled and immediately stop doing work.

Cancel safety

This method is cancel safe. Once the channel is closed, it stays closed forever and all future calls to closed will return immediately.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = watch::channel("hello");

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        // use `rx`
        drop(rx);
    });

    // Waits for `rx` to drop
    tx.closed().await;
    println!("the `rx` handles dropped")
}

Creates a new Receiver connected to this Sender.

All messages sent before this call to subscribe are initially marked as seen by the new Receiver.

This method can be called even if there are no other receivers. In this case, the channel is reopened.

Examples

The new channel will receive messages sent on this Sender.

use tokio::sync::watch;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, _rx) = watch::channel(0u64);

    tx.send(5).unwrap();

    let rx = tx.subscribe();
    assert_eq!(5, *rx.borrow());

    tx.send(10).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(10, *rx.borrow());
}

The most recent message is considered seen by the channel, so this test is guaranteed to pass.

use tokio::sync::watch;
use tokio::time::Duration;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, _rx) = watch::channel(0u64);
    tx.send(5).unwrap();
    let mut rx = tx.subscribe();

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        // by spawning and sleeping, the message is sent after `main`
        // hits the call to `changed`.
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
        tx.send(100).unwrap();
    });

    rx.changed().await.unwrap();
    assert_eq!(100, *rx.borrow());
}

Returns the number of receivers that currently exist.

Examples
use tokio::sync::watch;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, rx1) = watch::channel("hello");

    assert_eq!(1, tx.receiver_count());

    let mut _rx2 = rx1.clone();

    assert_eq!(2, tx.receiver_count());
}

Trait Implementations

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
Executes the destructor for this type. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations

Blanket Implementations

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more

Returns the argument unchanged.

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
Performs the conversion.
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
Performs the conversion.